Put in to bat, Maharashtra did not have an ideal start as they lost their openers -- Harshad Khadiwale (24) and skipper Rohit Motwani (2) -- early to be at 46 for two.
But Sangram Dilp Atitkar (46) and Jadhav consolidated the innings and shared a 73-run partnership for the third wicket.
After Atitkar's dismissal, Jadhav continued in the able company of Pushkaraj Chavan and the duo put on 132 runs together for the fourth wicket to take the team to a comfortable position.
Chavan departed for a well-made 65 off 94 balls, studded with 10 boundaries, while Jadhav followed him after playing a fabulous knock that came off 148 balls, including 19 hits to the fence.
Thereafter, Ankit Bawne (36) also chipped in with some important runs.
For Assam, J Syed Mohammad was the pick of the bowlers with three for 85.
Brief scores:
Maharashtra 1st innings: 343 for eight in 90 overs (Kedar Jadhav 128, Pushkaraj Chavan 65; J Syed Mohammad 3/85)
Ranji Trophy: Kedar Jadhav hits ton as Maharashtra post 343/8
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